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Geography, Demography and Socio status of Orissa |
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Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population in the State, as per 2001 census, was 60.82 lakh and 81.45 lakh respectively, which was 16.5% and 22.1 % of the total population of the State as against 16.2% and 22.2% in the previous census in 1991. The decennial growth rate of SC & ST population during 1991-01 was 18.6% and 15.8% respectively. Similarly as per 2001 census the sex ratio among SC & ST people was 979 and 1003 respectively as against 936 and 978 at all India level.
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| Population |
| Persons : 36,706,920 |
| Males : 18,612,340 |
| Females : 18,094,580 |
| Sex Ratio: 972 |
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| Percentage of Literates to Total population: |
Persons : 63.61 % |
| Males : 75.95 % |
| Females : 50.97 % |
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| Number of Literates: |
| Persons 20,053,785 |
| Males 12,118,256 |
| Females 7,935,529 |
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| Decadal Growth 1991 - 2001 |
| Persons : (+) 15.94 % |
| Males : (+) 15.86 % |
| Females : (+) 16.02 % |
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Orissa comprises of 4.74% of India's landmass and 36.80 million people (2001 Census), accounts for 3.58% of the population of the country. Nearly 85 % of its population live in the rural areas and depend mostly on agriculture for their livelihood. The State has abundant mineral resources including precious and semi-precious stones. It has also plentiful water resources. According to the estimate of the Central Ground Water Board, the total ground water resources in Orissa was 21,01,128 hectaremeter in 2001. The gross annual draft for all uses in 2001 was 3,10,689 hectaremeter. Accordingly, 14.79 percent of ground water resources had been harnessed till 2001. The total cultivable land of the State is nearly 65.59-lakh hectare of which only 26.89-lakh hecta1e has been provided with irrigation facilities by the end of 2003-04, which constitutes around 40% of the cultivable land. Planned exploitation and optimum utilization of rich natural resources like mineral, land, water and others including human resources holds the key to rapid economic development of the State.
The State can be divided into ten argo-climatic zones on the basis of soil, weather and other relevant characteristics. Its land can be classified into three categories, low (25.6%), medium (33.6) and up-lands (40.8%) with various types of soil like red, yellow, red-loamy, alluvial, coastal alluvial, laterite and black soil etc. with low and medium texture. Characteristics of different agro-climatic zones in Orissa are presented in Table.
Agro-climatic Zones in Orissa
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Sl No |
Agro-climatic zone |
Climate |
Mean annual rainfall (in mm) |
Soil group |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
1 |
North western plateau |
Hot and moist |
1648 |
Red and yellow |
2 |
North central plateau |
Hot and moist |
1535 |
Red loamy |
3 |
North eastern coastal plateau |
Hot and moist sub-humid |
1568 |
Alluvial |
4 |
East and south eastern plateau |
Hot and humid |
1449 |
Costal alluvial saline (near the coast line) |
5 |
North eastern ghat |
Hot and moist sub- humid |
1597 |
Laterite and brown forest |
6 |
Eastern ghat high land |
Warm and humid |
1522 |
Red |
7 |
South eastern ghat |
Warm and humid |
1522 |
Red, mixed red and yellow |
8 |
Western undulating |
Warm and moist |
1527 |
Black, mixed red arid black |
9 |
West central table land |
Hot and moist |
1527 |
Red, heavy textured colourous |
10 |
Mid central table land |
Hot and dry sub- humid |
1421 |
Red loamy, laterite mixed, red and black |
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